Asthma Children Science

A Twenty-two-year Experience with Hymenoptera Venom Immunotherapy in a US Pediatric Tertiary Care Center: 1996-2018.

Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2018 Aug 10;:

Authors: Albuhairi S, Khoury KE, Yee C, Schneider L, Rachid R

PMID: 30102964 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Ca2+ and innate immune pathways are activated and differentially expressed in childhood asthma phenotypes.

Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2018 Aug 13;:

Authors: Boeck A, Landgraf-Rauf K, Vogelsang V, Siemens D, Prazeres da Costa O, Klucker E, von Mutius E, Buch T, Mansmann U, Schaub B

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children. Underlying immunological mechanisms - in particular of different phenotypes - are still just partly understood. The objective of the study is the identification of distinct cellular pathways in allergic asthmatics (AA) and non-allergic asthmatics (NA) vs healthy controls (HC).
METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of steroid-naïve children (n(AA/NA/HC) = 35/13/34)) from the CLARA study (n=275) were stimulated (anti-CD3/CD28, LpA) or kept unstimulated. Gene-expression was investigated by transcriptomics and quantitative RT-PCR. Differentially regulated pathways between phenotypes were assessed after adjustment for sex and age (KEGG-pathways). Networks based on correlations of gene expression were built using force-directed graph drawing.
RESULTS: AA vs NA and asthmatics overall vs HC showed significantly different expression of Ca2+ - and innate immunity-associated pathways. PCR-analysis confirmed significantly increased Ca2+ -associated gene-regulation (ORMDL3 and ATP2A3) in asthmatics vs HC, most prominent in AA. Innate immunity receptors (LY75, TLR7), relevant for virus infection, were also upregulated in AA and NA compared to HC. AA and NA could be differentiated by increased ATP2A3 and FPR2 in AA, decreased CLEC4E in AA and increased IFIH1 expression in NA following anti-CD3/28-stimulation vs unstimulated (fold change).
CONCLUSIONS: Ca2+ -regulation and innate immunity response pattern to viruses were activated in PBMCs of asthmatics. Asthma phenotypes were differentially characterized by distinct regulation of ATP2A3 and expression of innate immune receptors (FPR2, CLEC4E, IFIH1). These genes may present promising targets for future in depth investigation with the long-term goal of more phenotype-specific therapeutic interventions in asthmatics. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID: 30102794 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Knowledge levels related to allergen specific immunotherapy and perspectives of parents whose children were diagnosed with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis in Turkey.

Turk J Pediatr. 2018;60(1):50-55

Authors: Işık S, Çağlayan-Sözmen Ş, Asilsoy S, Kılıçarslan SK, Anal Ö, Karaman Ö, Uzuner N

Abstract
Işık S, Çağlayan-Sözmen Ş, Asilsoy S, Kılıçarslan SK, Anal Ö, Karaman Ö, Uzuner N. Knowledge levels related to allergen specific immunotherapy and perspectives of parents whose children were diagnosed with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis in Turkey. Turk J Pediatr 2018; 60: 50-55. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the knowledge levels and perspectives about allergen specific immunotherapy (ASI) of parents whose children were diagnosed with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis with positive skin prick test. The study was conducted between September 2014 and January 2015. Surveys that were filled by 198 parents were analyzed. One hundred-ninety-eight parents were included in the study; 42.9% of the parents had knowledge about ASI. Parents obtained information about the ASI from respectively pediatric allergy specialists (25.5%), relatives and friends (17.8%), media (12.9%), and pediatrician (8.2%). There is a strong association between educational level of the mother, atopy background of the family, the monthly per capita income, and having knowledge about the ASI. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that individuals with a monthly income higher than 2,000 TL were more likely to be aware of the ASI application (OR: 4.35, 95% CI: 1.13-16.71; p < 0.05). Eighty-nine percent of the parents stated that they would prefer the sublingual ASI instead of subcutaneous ASI because it is easy to use and its severe side effects risk is low. The awareness of the ASI is at high rates in our patient population.

PMID: 30102479 [PubMed - in process]

Allergen variability and house dust mite sensitivity in pre-school children with allergic complaints.

Turk J Pediatr. 2018;60(1):41-49

Authors: Yazıcı S, Güneş S, Kurtuluş-Çokboz M, Kemer Ö, Baranlı G, Aşık-Akman S, Can D

Abstract
Yazıcı S, Güneş S, Kurtuluş-Çokboz M, Kemer Ö, Baranlı G, Aşık-Akman S, Can D. Allergen variability and house dust mite sensitivity in pre-school children with allergic complaints. Turk J Pediatr 2018; 60: 41-49. The increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases in pre-school children who are often at home may be due to an increase in house dust mite sensitivity, which is rarely expected in this age group. In our study, it was aimed to investigate allergen sensitivities, especially house dust mite sensitivity in pre-school children with allergic disease complaints by skin prick test (SPT). Two hundred and twenty children admitted to the Pediatric Allergy and Asthma Clinic of Balıkesir University between October 2015 and October 2016 diagnosed with asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, atopic dermatitis or urticaria were involved in the retrospective cross-sectional study. Allergen groups used in SPT were Dermatophagoides farina (Derf), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p), Alternaria alternata, cat epithelium, pollen mixture and food mixture. Average age of the 220 patients was 2.98 years (2.75-3.21). SPT was positive in 55.9% of patients. Sixteen percent were monosensitized and 73.8% were polysensitized. Seventy two children (32.7%) were sensitive to Der f and 67 (30.4%) were sensitive to Der p. There was no difference between SPT positivity and gender (p > 0.05). Ninty-five children were diagnosed with asthma, 38 with asthma and allergic rhinitis, 63 with food allergy and 24 with urticaria and/or atopic dermatitis. SPT positivity was significantly higher in the asthma and allergic rhinitis group than other groups. As the age increased, significant increases in the sensitivities of Der f (p < 0.01), Der p (P < 0.01) and A. alternata (p < 0.05) and a significant decrease for food panel sensitivity (p < 0.01) were detected. Even though skin and food allergies were included in our study, house dust mite sensitivity was found much higher than other studies reporting ranges between 3.5-23% in children of the same age group with mainly respiratory complaints. It is concluded that the probable reasons for this increase, especially geographical features, should be investigated in different areas and in larger number of studies.

PMID: 30102478 [PubMed - in process]

ABO histo-blood group and risk of respiratory atopy in children: a review of published evidence.

Pediatric Health Med Ther. 2018;9:73-79

Authors: Uwaezuoke SN, Eze JN, Ayuk AC, Ndu IK

Abstract
Besides their fundamental role in transfusion medicine, ABO and other histo-blood group antigens are associated with the pathogenesis of some human diseases such as malignancy and thrombosis. Reports also show a possible relationship with the risk of asthma and other forms of respiratory atopy. This paper aims to critically review the current evidence linking ABO histo-blood group with the risk of respiratory atopy in children and adults. A literature search was conducted with PubMed to gather baseline data about this relationship. The search extended to studies published within the past 45 years. First, the molecular mechanism underpinning the role of ABO antigenic system in human diseases comprises a fascinating relationship with von Willebrand factor and several pro-inflammatory and adhesion molecules. Second, specific blood group types vary with asthma phenotypes; severe asthma is associated with B phenotype, while mild and moderate asthma is associated with O and A phenotypes. Third, O phenotype has been linked to allergic rhinitis but only in males. Furthermore, asthma risk is related to O/Lewis negative/secretor phenotypes, while a significant relationship has also been established with B phenotype but not with A and O phenotypes. However, one study failed to establish a significant relationship with any of the ABO blood group antigens. In conclusion, there is no unanimity on the specific histo-blood groups linked to respiratory atopy risk, although asthma phenotypes are associated with specific blood groups. Despite the prospect that this relationship holds for the use of blood-group typing in evaluating respiratory atopy risk in children, more evidence-based studies are still required for its validation.

PMID: 30102298 [PubMed]